• Monotheism (Judaism, Christianism and Islam) on one side, who consider the universe was created by a superior entity. If this hypothesis is true, the causality principle is not universal.
• Taoism and Buddhism, that study the observable universe only, and state that the causality principle (the karma law) is universal. The existence of a superior entity is not necessary for these religions, a "universal principle" (Tao or Darma) being self-sufficient.

The same issue re-appeared in physics, when quanta mechanics pointed out non causal phenomenon. Albert Einstein himself was shocked by these results but, as for today, there is no explanation to the exactitude of the quanta theory.

All in all, the situation of physics is similar to the religious issue: strict causality versus non-deterministic phenomenons.

The new fact arrived with the Theory of Chaos and, later on, Fractals: randomness is an uncomplete notion, and "non-predictability" must be preferred. Fractals, as for them, provide mathematical tools that allow scientists to better understand the structure and the behaviour of particles on one side, the structure and behaviour of the universe on the other side. Laurent Nottale, for example, has proposed a convincing Scale Relativity theory, that merges extended relativity and quanta via fractal models.

When you enter the details of quanta and relativity, when you start understanding their core meaning, something striking raises from their subtleties. Something that Galileo had felt much before "modern" physics: the notion of absolute existence is a fake! Meditate about the double-slot experiment, and think in depth about the nature of space versus matter as described by the extended relativity: things exist only through their interactions...

This conclusion is one of the basis of Buddhism, and corresponds to the unpermanence and vacuity concepts.